What Are the Different Types of Adoption?

November 5, 2026

If you are considering adoption after an unplanned pregnancy, you may have heard terms like open, semi-open, and closed. Those words describe how much contact and identifying information may be shared between a birth family and an adoptive family.

There is no single adoption arrangement that works for everyone. Understanding the differences can help you decide what questions you would want to ask an adoption professional.

Schedule a free, private appointment with Darke County Pregnancy Help Center to discuss your pregnancy and learn more about adoption.

Open Adoption

In an open adoption, the birth parents and adoptive family have some form of direct contact.

Exactly what that looks like varies. Some families exchange photos and letters. Others may have phone calls, video calls, or in-person visits.

As the birth mother, you can also select the adoptive family before placement and choose one according to the preferences you have for your child’s future. The amount and frequency of future contact are typically discussed as the adoption plan is developed.

Semi-Open Adoption

A semi-open adoption provides some ongoing communication while keeping more distance between the birth and adoptive families.

For example, photos, letters, or updates may be exchanged through an adoption agency rather than directly. The parties may know some information about one another, like first names, without sharing all identifying details.

This arrangement may appeal to you if you want updates about your child but prefer more privacy.

Closed Adoption

A closed adoption generally involves no contact after placement.

Though this option isn’t as common today, it may be one you consider if you have safety concerns or wish to remain anonymous.

Are Open Adoption Agreements Enforceable in Ohio?

This is particularly important to understand in Ohio.

Ohio law allows birth parents and prospective adoptive parents to create an open adoption arrangement with terms they both accept. A birth parent can request an open adoption, and an agency or attorney can help arrange one. 

However, Ohio open adoption agreements are not legally enforceable. State law describes them as nonbinding and specifies that their terms are voluntary. In fact, someone who enters an open adoption arrangement may later withdraw from it. 

This means you can discuss plans for visits, photos, updates, or other future contact with the adoptive family, but the agreement does not give either party a legal right to force that contact to continue.

If future contact is important to you, it’s crucial to discuss that issue carefully with a licensed adoption agency or an attorney before making an adoption plan.

We’re Here to Help

While Darke County Pregnancy Help Center does not facilitate adoptions, we can explore this option with you and refer you to reputable agencies for more information. Our caring team can also discuss what resources are available to help you feel supported.

Schedule a free, private appointment today to learn more.